belonging to the dead

fērālis, e, adj. [fero, from the carrying of the dead in funeral procession; cf. ferculum; cf. also Fest., Varr., Ov. ll. c. infra and v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 467], of or belonging to the dead or to corpses, funereal (as an adj. only poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

tu tamen exstincto feralia munera ferto,

offerings to the dead, Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 81:

sacra,

Luc. 1, 616:

cupressus,

Verg. A. 6, 216; Ov. Tr. 3, 13, 21; cf.:

ferale decus,

i. e. the cypress, Sil. 10, 535:

vittae,

Ov. Ib. 103:

reliquiae,

i. e. the ashes of the dead, Tac. A. 2, 75:

ferali carmine bubo Visa queri,

Verg. A. 4, 462:

Enyo,

Petr. 120.—

In partic., of or belonging to the festival of the dead (celebrated annually in the month of February):

tunc, cum ferales praeteriere dies,

the days of the festival of the dead, Ov. F. 2, 34:

tempus,

id. ib. 5, 486: mensis, i. e. February, Col. poet. 10, 191. —

Subst.: Fĕrālĭa, ĭum, n., the general festival of the dead kept on the 17 th or 21 st of February, the feast of All Souls (cf.:

inferiae, justa, pompa, exsequiae, funus): hanc, quia justa ferunt, dixere Fĕralia lucem: Ultima placandis Manibus illa dies,

Ov. F. 2, 569:

feralia ab inferis et ferendo, quod ferunt tum epulas ad sepulcrum, quibus jus ibi parentare,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll.; cf.:

feralium diem ait Varro a ferendis in sepulcra epulis dici,

Macr. S. 1, 4: feralia diis Manibus sacrata festa, a ferendis epulis, vel a feriendis pecudibus appellata, Paul. ex Fest. p. 85 Müll.:

eodem die video Caesarem a Corfinio profectum esse, id est, Feralibus,

Cic. Att. 8, 14, 1:

diem finiri placuit Feralia, quae proxime fuissent,

Liv. 35, 7, 3 Drak. N. cr. —

Transf., in gen., deadly, fatal, dangerous = funestus:

tune, Licha, dixit, feralia dona tulisti?

Ov. M. 9, 214:

arma,

Luc. 2, 260; 374:

bellum,

Tac. H. 5, 25:

papilio,

Ov. M. 15, 374; cf.:

papilio pestifer,

Plin. 11, 19, 21, § 65:

Idus Mart. ferales Caesari,

Plin. 18, 26, 65, § 237:

annus,

Tac. A. 4, 64:

tenebrae,

id. ib. 2,31:

aula, a term applied to the abode of the great African serpent,

Sil. 6, 216.— Comp.:

feralior,

Pacat. Pan. Theod. 46, 4.— Sup.: nefas feralissimum, Salv. Gub. Dei, 1, p. 23.—In neutr. adv.:

ferale gemiscere,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 130.— Hence, adv.: fērālĭter, fatally (late Lat.):

ut leo feraliter invadit,

Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med.

fērālis, e, adj. [fero, from the carrying of the dead in funeral procession; cf. ferculum; cf. also Fest., Varr., Ov. ll. c. infra and v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 467], of or belonging to the dead or to corpses, funereal (as an adj. only poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

tu tamen exstincto feralia munera ferto,

offerings to the dead, Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 81:

sacra,

Luc. 1, 616:

cupressus,

Verg. A. 6, 216; Ov. Tr. 3, 13, 21; cf.:

ferale decus,

i. e. the cypress, Sil. 10, 535:

vittae,

Ov. Ib. 103:

reliquiae,

i. e. the ashes of the dead, Tac. A. 2, 75:

ferali carmine bubo Visa queri,

Verg. A. 4, 462:

Enyo,

Petr. 120.—

In partic., of or belonging to the festival of the dead (celebrated annually in the month of February):

tunc, cum ferales praeteriere dies,

the days of the festival of the dead, Ov. F. 2, 34:

tempus,

id. ib. 5, 486: mensis, i. e. February, Col. poet. 10, 191. —

Subst.: Fĕrālĭa, ĭum, n., the general festival of the dead kept on the 17 th or 21 st of February, the feast of All Souls (cf.:

inferiae, justa, pompa, exsequiae, funus): hanc, quia justa ferunt, dixere Fĕralia lucem: Ultima placandis Manibus illa dies,

Ov. F. 2, 569:

feralia ab inferis et ferendo, quod ferunt tum epulas ad sepulcrum, quibus jus ibi parentare,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll.; cf.:

feralium diem ait Varro a ferendis in sepulcra epulis dici,

Macr. S. 1, 4: feralia diis Manibus sacrata festa, a ferendis epulis, vel a feriendis pecudibus appellata, Paul. ex Fest. p. 85 Müll.:

eodem die video Caesarem a Corfinio profectum esse, id est, Feralibus,

Cic. Att. 8, 14, 1:

diem finiri placuit Feralia, quae proxime fuissent,

Liv. 35, 7, 3 Drak. N. cr. —

Transf., in gen., deadly, fatal, dangerous = funestus:

tune, Licha, dixit, feralia dona tulisti?

Ov. M. 9, 214:

arma,

Luc. 2, 260; 374:

bellum,

Tac. H. 5, 25:

papilio,

Ov. M. 15, 374; cf.:

papilio pestifer,

Plin. 11, 19, 21, § 65:

Idus Mart. ferales Caesari,

Plin. 18, 26, 65, § 237:

annus,

Tac. A. 4, 64:

tenebrae,

id. ib. 2,31:

aula, a term applied to the abode of the great African serpent,

Sil. 6, 216.— Comp.:

feralior,

Pacat. Pan. Theod. 46, 4.— Sup.: nefas feralissimum, Salv. Gub. Dei, 1, p. 23.—In neutr. adv.:

ferale gemiscere,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 130.— Hence, adv.: fērālĭter, fatally (late Lat.):

ut leo feraliter invadit,

Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med.

fērālis, e, adj. [fero, from the carrying of the dead in funeral procession; cf. ferculum; cf. also Fest., Varr., Ov. ll. c. infra and v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 467], of or belonging to the dead or to corpses, funereal (as an adj. only poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

tu tamen exstincto feralia munera ferto,

offerings to the dead, Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 81:

sacra,

Luc. 1, 616:

cupressus,

Verg. A. 6, 216; Ov. Tr. 3, 13, 21; cf.:

ferale decus,

i. e. the cypress, Sil. 10, 535:

vittae,

Ov. Ib. 103:

reliquiae,

i. e. the ashes of the dead, Tac. A. 2, 75:

ferali carmine bubo Visa queri,

Verg. A. 4, 462:

Enyo,

Petr. 120.—

In partic., of or belonging to the festival of the dead (celebrated annually in the month of February):

tunc, cum ferales praeteriere dies,

the days of the festival of the dead, Ov. F. 2, 34:

tempus,

id. ib. 5, 486: mensis, i. e. February, Col. poet. 10, 191. —

Subst.: Fĕrālĭa, ĭum, n., the general festival of the dead kept on the 17 th or 21 st of February, the feast of All Souls (cf.:

inferiae, justa, pompa, exsequiae, funus): hanc, quia justa ferunt, dixere Fĕralia lucem: Ultima placandis Manibus illa dies,

Ov. F. 2, 569:

feralia ab inferis et ferendo, quod ferunt tum epulas ad sepulcrum, quibus jus ibi parentare,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll.; cf.:

feralium diem ait Varro a ferendis in sepulcra epulis dici,

Macr. S. 1, 4: feralia diis Manibus sacrata festa, a ferendis epulis, vel a feriendis pecudibus appellata, Paul. ex Fest. p. 85 Müll.:

eodem die video Caesarem a Corfinio profectum esse, id est, Feralibus,

Cic. Att. 8, 14, 1:

diem finiri placuit Feralia, quae proxime fuissent,

Liv. 35, 7, 3 Drak. N. cr. —

Transf., in gen., deadly, fatal, dangerous = funestus:

tune, Licha, dixit, feralia dona tulisti?

Ov. M. 9, 214:

arma,

Luc. 2, 260; 374:

bellum,

Tac. H. 5, 25:

papilio,

Ov. M. 15, 374; cf.:

papilio pestifer,

Plin. 11, 19, 21, § 65:

Idus Mart. ferales Caesari,

Plin. 18, 26, 65, § 237:

annus,

Tac. A. 4, 64:

tenebrae,

id. ib. 2,31:

aula, a term applied to the abode of the great African serpent,

Sil. 6, 216.— Comp.:

feralior,

Pacat. Pan. Theod. 46, 4.— Sup.: nefas feralissimum, Salv. Gub. Dei, 1, p. 23.—In neutr. adv.:

ferale gemiscere,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 130.— Hence, adv.: fērālĭter, fatally (late Lat.):

ut leo feraliter invadit,

Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med.

părentālis, e, adj. [2. parens], of or belonging to parents, parental:

umbrae,

of my parents, Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 87.—

In partic., of or belonging to the festival in honor of dead parents or relatives:

dies,

the day of the festival in honor of the dead, Ov. F. 2, 548:

mos,

i. e. the annually repeated combat of the birds which rose from Memnon's funeral pile, and which were therefore regarded as his children, id. M. 13, 619 (cf. id. Am. 1, 13, 4).—

Subst.: părentālĭa, ĭum, n.

A festival in honor of dead relations:

ut parentalia cum supplicationibus miscerentur,

Cic. Phil. 1, 6, 13; Inscr. Orell. 3927; 4084.— Gen.:

PARENTALIORVM,

Inscr. Orell. 3999.—

ălĭēnus, a, um [2. alius].

Adj.

In gen., that belongs to another person, place, object, etc., not one's own, another's, of another, foreign, alien (opp. suus): NEVE. ALIENAM. SEGETEM. PELLEXERIS., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, and Serv. ad Verg. E. 8, 99: plus ex alieno jecore sapiunt quam ex suo, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 111; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 88, and Lind. ib. 2, 3, 3: quom sciet alienum puerum ( the child of another) tolli pro suo, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 61:

in aedīs inruit Alienas,

id. Ad. 1, 2, 9; id. And. 1, 1, 125:

alienae partes anni,

Lucr. 1, 182; so Verg. G. 2, 149:

pecuniis alienis locupletari,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

cura rerum alienarum,

id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 2, 23, 83:

alienos mores ad suos referre,

Nep. Epam. 1, 1:

in altissimo gradu alienis opibus poni,

Cic. Sest. 20:

semper regibus aliena virtus formidolosa est,

Sall. C. 7, 2:

amissis bonis alienas opes exspectare,

id. ib. 58. 10 Herz.:

aliena mulier,

another man's wife, Cic. Cael. 37:

mulier alieni viri sermonibus assuefacta,

of another woman's husband, Liv. 1, 46:

virtutem et bonum alienum oderunt,

id. 35, 43:

alienis pedibus ambulamus, alienis oculis agnoscimus, alienā memoriā salutamus, alienā operā vivimus,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 19:

oportet enim omnia aut ad alienum arbitrium aut ad suum facere,

Plin. Ep. 6, 14; so Suet. Claud. 2:

alienum cursum alienumque rectorem, velut captā nave, sequi,

Plin. Pan. 82, 3; Tac. A. 15, 1 fin.:

pudicitiae neque suae neque alienae pepercit,

Suet. Calig. 36:

epistolas orationesque et edicta alieno formabat ingenio,

i. e. caused to be written by another, id. Dom. 20:

te conjux aliena capit,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 46; 1, 1, 110; so id. ib. 1, 3, 116:

vulnus,

intended for another, Verg. A. 10, 781: aliena [p. 85] cornua, of Actæon transformed into a stag, Ov. M. 3, 139:

alieno Marte pugnabant, sc. equites,

i. e. without horses, as footmen, Liv. 3, 62: aes alienum, lit. another's money; hence, in reference to him who has it, a debt; cf. aes. So also:

aliena nomina,

debts in others' names, debts contracted by others, Sall. C. 35, 3.—

Esp.

In reference to relationship or friendship, not belonging to one, alien from, not related or allied, not friendly, inimical, strange, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 43:

alienus est ab nostrā familiā,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 28; id. Heaut. 5, 4, 6 Ruhnk.:

multi ex finibus suis egressi se suaque omnia alienissimis crediderunt,

to utter strangers, Caes. B. G. 6, 31:

non alienus sanguine regibus,

Liv. 29, 29; Vell. 2, 76.—

Hence alienus and propinquus are antith.,

Cic. Lael. 5, 19:

ut neque amicis neque etiam alienioribus desim,

id. Fam. 1, 9 Manut.:

ut tuum factum alieni hominis, meum vero conjunctissimi et amicissimi esse videatur,

id. ib. 3, 6.—

Trop.: alienum esse in or ab aliquā re, to be a stranger to a thing, i. e. not to be versed in or familiar with, not to understand:

in physicis Epicurus totus est alienus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 17:

homo non alienus a litteris,

not a stranger to, not unversed in, id. Verr. 2, 2, 26.—

Foreign to a thing, i. e. not suited to it, unsuitable, incongruous, inadequate, inconsistent, unseasonable, inapposite, different from (opp. aptus); constr. with gen., dat., abl., and ab; cf. Burm. ad Ov. F. 1, 4; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 5; Spald. ad Quint. 6, 3, 33; Zumpt, Gr. § 384.

With gen.:

pacis (deorum),

Lucr. 6, 69:

salutis,

id. 3, 832:

aliarum rerum,

id. 6, 1064:

dignitatis alicujus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 4, 11:

neque aliena consili (sc. domus D. Bruti),

convenient for consultation, Sall. C. 40, 5 Kritz al.—

With dat.:

quod illi causae maxime est alienum,

Cic. Caecin. 9, 24: arti oratoriae, Quint. prooem. 5; 4, 2, 62; Sen. Q. N. 4 praef.—

With abl.:

neque hoc dii alienum ducunt majestate suā,

Cic. Div. 1, 38, 83:

homine alienissimum,

id. Off. 1, 13, 41:

dignitate imperii,

id. Prov. Cons. 8, 18:

amicitiā,

id. Fam. 11, 27:

existimatione meā,

id. Att. 6, 1:

domus magis his aliena malis,

farther from, Hor. S. 1, 9, 50:

loco, tempore,

Quint. 6, 3, 33.—

With ab:

alienum a vitā meā,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 21: a dignitate rei publicae, Tib. Gracch. ap. Gell. 7, 19, 7:

a sapiente,

Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

a dignitate,

id. Fam. 4, 7:

navigationis labor alienus non ab aetate solum nostrā, verum etiam a dignitate,

id. Att. 16, 3.—

With inf. or clause as subject:

nec aptius est quidquam ad opes tuendas quam diligi, nec alienius quam timeri,

Cic. Off. 2, 7, 23:

non alienum videtur, quale praemium Miltiadi sit tributum, docere,

Nep. Milt. 6, 1.—

Averse, hostile, unfriendly, unfavorable to:

illum alieno animo a nobis esse res ipsa indicat,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 40; Cic. Deiot. 9, 24:

a Pyrrho non nimis alienos animos habemus,

id. Lael. 8 fin.:

sin a me est alienior,

id. Fam. 2, 17:

ex alienissimis amicissimos reddere,

id. ib. 15, 4 al.:

Muciani animus nec Vespasiano alienus,

Tac. H. 2, 74.—Rar. transf. to things; as in the histt., alienus locus, a place or ground unfavorable for an engagement, disadvantageous (opp. suus or opportunus; cf.

Gron. Obs. 4, 17, 275): alieno loco proelium committunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15:

alienissimo sibi loco contra opportunissimo hostibus conflixit,

Nep. Them. 4, 5 Brem.—So of time unfitting, inconvenient, unfavorable, Varr. R. R. 3, 16:

ad judicium corrumpendum tempus alienum,

Cic. Verr. 1, 5; id. Caecin. 67:

vir egregius alienissimo rei publicae tempore exstinctus,

id. Brut. 1; id. Fam. 15, 14.—Of other things: alienum ( dangerous, perilous, hurtful) suis rationibus, Sall. C. 56, 5; Cels. 4, 5.—

In medic. lang.

Of the body, dead, corrupted, paralyzed (cf. alieno, II. B. 2.), Scrib. Comp. 201.—

Of the mind, insane, mad (cf. alieno and alienatio):

Neque solum illis aliena mens erat, qui conscii conjurationis fuerant,

Sall. C. 37, 1 Herz.—

Subst.

ălĭēnus, i, m., a stranger.

One not belonging to one's house, family, or country:

apud me cenant alieni novem,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 21:

ut non ejectus ad alienos, sed invitatus ad tuos īsse videaris,

Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 23:

quas copias proximis suppeditari aequius est, eas transferunt ad alienos,

id. Off. 1, 14: cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni, id. Am. 5, 19:

quasi ad alienos durius loquebatur,

Vulg. Gen. 42, 7:

a filiis suis an ab alienis?

ib. Matt. 17, 24:

cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni,

Cic. Lael. 5:

quod alieno testimonium redderem, in eo non fraudabo avum meum,

Vell. 2, 76.—

One not related to a person or thing:

in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat,

Cic. Mil. 28, 76:

vel alienissimus rusticae vitae, naturae benignitatem miretur,

Col. 3, 21, 3.—

ălĭēnum, i, n., the property of a stranger:

Haec erunt vilici officia: alieno manum abstineant, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 5, 1:

alieno abstinuit,

Suet. Tit. 7:

ex alieno largiri,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 8; so,

de alieno largiri,

Just. 36, 3, 9:

alieni appetens, sui profugus,

Sall. C. 5; Liv. 5, 5:

in aliena aedificium exstruere,

Cic. Mil. 27, 74 (cf.:

in alieno solo aedificare,

Dig. 41, 1, 7).— Plur.,

The property of a stranger:

quid est aliud aliis sua eripere, aliis dare aliena?

Cic. Off. 2, 23; Liv. 30, 30: aliena pervadere, a foreign (in opp. to the Roman) province, Amm. 23, 1.—

The affairs or interests of strangers: Men. Chreme, tantumue ab re tuast oti tibi, aliena ut cures, ea, quae nihil ad te attinent. Chrem. Homo sum;

humani nihil a me alienum puto,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 23:

aliena ut melius videant quam sua,

id. ib. 3, 1, 95.—

Things strange, foreign, not belonging to the matter in hand:

Quod si hominibus bonarum rerum tanta cura esset, quanto studio aliena ac nihil profutura multumque etiam periculosa petunt, etc.,

Sall. J. 1, 5; hence, aliena loqui, to talk strangely, wildly, like a crazy person:

Quin etiam, sic me dicunt aliena locutum, Ut foret amenti nomen in ore tuum,

Ov. Tr. 3, 19:

interdum in accessione aegros desipere et aliena loqui,

Cels. 3, 18 (v. alieniloquium).

► Comp. rare, but sup. very freq.; no adv. in use.

ălĭēnus, a, um [2. alius].

Adj.

In gen., that belongs to another person, place, object, etc., not one's own, another's, of another, foreign, alien (opp. suus): NEVE. ALIENAM. SEGETEM. PELLEXERIS., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, and Serv. ad Verg. E. 8, 99: plus ex alieno jecore sapiunt quam ex suo, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 111; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 88, and Lind. ib. 2, 3, 3: quom sciet alienum puerum ( the child of another) tolli pro suo, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 61:

in aedīs inruit Alienas,

id. Ad. 1, 2, 9; id. And. 1, 1, 125:

alienae partes anni,

Lucr. 1, 182; so Verg. G. 2, 149:

pecuniis alienis locupletari,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

cura rerum alienarum,

id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 2, 23, 83:

alienos mores ad suos referre,

Nep. Epam. 1, 1:

in altissimo gradu alienis opibus poni,

Cic. Sest. 20:

semper regibus aliena virtus formidolosa est,

Sall. C. 7, 2:

amissis bonis alienas opes exspectare,

id. ib. 58. 10 Herz.:

aliena mulier,

another man's wife, Cic. Cael. 37:

mulier alieni viri sermonibus assuefacta,

of another woman's husband, Liv. 1, 46:

virtutem et bonum alienum oderunt,

id. 35, 43:

alienis pedibus ambulamus, alienis oculis agnoscimus, alienā memoriā salutamus, alienā operā vivimus,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 19:

oportet enim omnia aut ad alienum arbitrium aut ad suum facere,

Plin. Ep. 6, 14; so Suet. Claud. 2:

alienum cursum alienumque rectorem, velut captā nave, sequi,

Plin. Pan. 82, 3; Tac. A. 15, 1 fin.:

pudicitiae neque suae neque alienae pepercit,

Suet. Calig. 36:

epistolas orationesque et edicta alieno formabat ingenio,

i. e. caused to be written by another, id. Dom. 20:

te conjux aliena capit,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 46; 1, 1, 110; so id. ib. 1, 3, 116:

vulnus,

intended for another, Verg. A. 10, 781: aliena [p. 85] cornua, of Actæon transformed into a stag, Ov. M. 3, 139:

alieno Marte pugnabant, sc. equites,

i. e. without horses, as footmen, Liv. 3, 62: aes alienum, lit. another's money; hence, in reference to him who has it, a debt; cf. aes. So also:

aliena nomina,

debts in others' names, debts contracted by others, Sall. C. 35, 3.—

Esp.

In reference to relationship or friendship, not belonging to one, alien from, not related or allied, not friendly, inimical, strange, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 43:

alienus est ab nostrā familiā,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 28; id. Heaut. 5, 4, 6 Ruhnk.:

multi ex finibus suis egressi se suaque omnia alienissimis crediderunt,

to utter strangers, Caes. B. G. 6, 31:

non alienus sanguine regibus,

Liv. 29, 29; Vell. 2, 76.—

Hence alienus and propinquus are antith.,

Cic. Lael. 5, 19:

ut neque amicis neque etiam alienioribus desim,

id. Fam. 1, 9 Manut.:

ut tuum factum alieni hominis, meum vero conjunctissimi et amicissimi esse videatur,

id. ib. 3, 6.—

Trop.: alienum esse in or ab aliquā re, to be a stranger to a thing, i. e. not to be versed in or familiar with, not to understand:

in physicis Epicurus totus est alienus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 17:

homo non alienus a litteris,

not a stranger to, not unversed in, id. Verr. 2, 2, 26.—

Foreign to a thing, i. e. not suited to it, unsuitable, incongruous, inadequate, inconsistent, unseasonable, inapposite, different from (opp. aptus); constr. with gen., dat., abl., and ab; cf. Burm. ad Ov. F. 1, 4; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 5; Spald. ad Quint. 6, 3, 33; Zumpt, Gr. § 384.

With gen.:

pacis (deorum),

Lucr. 6, 69:

salutis,

id. 3, 832:

aliarum rerum,

id. 6, 1064:

dignitatis alicujus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 4, 11:

neque aliena consili (sc. domus D. Bruti),

convenient for consultation, Sall. C. 40, 5 Kritz al.—

With dat.:

quod illi causae maxime est alienum,

Cic. Caecin. 9, 24: arti oratoriae, Quint. prooem. 5; 4, 2, 62; Sen. Q. N. 4 praef.—

With abl.:

neque hoc dii alienum ducunt majestate suā,

Cic. Div. 1, 38, 83:

homine alienissimum,

id. Off. 1, 13, 41:

dignitate imperii,

id. Prov. Cons. 8, 18:

amicitiā,

id. Fam. 11, 27:

existimatione meā,

id. Att. 6, 1:

domus magis his aliena malis,

farther from, Hor. S. 1, 9, 50:

loco, tempore,

Quint. 6, 3, 33.—

With ab:

alienum a vitā meā,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 21: a dignitate rei publicae, Tib. Gracch. ap. Gell. 7, 19, 7:

a sapiente,

Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

a dignitate,

id. Fam. 4, 7:

navigationis labor alienus non ab aetate solum nostrā, verum etiam a dignitate,

id. Att. 16, 3.—

With inf. or clause as subject:

nec aptius est quidquam ad opes tuendas quam diligi, nec alienius quam timeri,

Cic. Off. 2, 7, 23:

non alienum videtur, quale praemium Miltiadi sit tributum, docere,

Nep. Milt. 6, 1.—

Averse, hostile, unfriendly, unfavorable to:

illum alieno animo a nobis esse res ipsa indicat,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 40; Cic. Deiot. 9, 24:

a Pyrrho non nimis alienos animos habemus,

id. Lael. 8 fin.:

sin a me est alienior,

id. Fam. 2, 17:

ex alienissimis amicissimos reddere,

id. ib. 15, 4 al.:

Muciani animus nec Vespasiano alienus,

Tac. H. 2, 74.—Rar. transf. to things; as in the histt., alienus locus, a place or ground unfavorable for an engagement, disadvantageous (opp. suus or opportunus; cf.

Gron. Obs. 4, 17, 275): alieno loco proelium committunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15:

alienissimo sibi loco contra opportunissimo hostibus conflixit,

Nep. Them. 4, 5 Brem.—So of time unfitting, inconvenient, unfavorable, Varr. R. R. 3, 16:

ad judicium corrumpendum tempus alienum,

Cic. Verr. 1, 5; id. Caecin. 67:

vir egregius alienissimo rei publicae tempore exstinctus,

id. Brut. 1; id. Fam. 15, 14.—Of other things: alienum ( dangerous, perilous, hurtful) suis rationibus, Sall. C. 56, 5; Cels. 4, 5.—

In medic. lang.

Of the body, dead, corrupted, paralyzed (cf. alieno, II. B. 2.), Scrib. Comp. 201.—

Of the mind, insane, mad (cf. alieno and alienatio):

Neque solum illis aliena mens erat, qui conscii conjurationis fuerant,

Sall. C. 37, 1 Herz.—

Subst.

ălĭēnus, i, m., a stranger.

One not belonging to one's house, family, or country:

apud me cenant alieni novem,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 21:

ut non ejectus ad alienos, sed invitatus ad tuos īsse videaris,

Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 23:

quas copias proximis suppeditari aequius est, eas transferunt ad alienos,

id. Off. 1, 14: cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni, id. Am. 5, 19:

quasi ad alienos durius loquebatur,

Vulg. Gen. 42, 7:

a filiis suis an ab alienis?

ib. Matt. 17, 24:

cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni,

Cic. Lael. 5:

quod alieno testimonium redderem, in eo non fraudabo avum meum,

Vell. 2, 76.—

One not related to a person or thing:

in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat,

Cic. Mil. 28, 76:

vel alienissimus rusticae vitae, naturae benignitatem miretur,

Col. 3, 21, 3.—

ălĭēnum, i, n., the property of a stranger:

Haec erunt vilici officia: alieno manum abstineant, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 5, 1:

alieno abstinuit,

Suet. Tit. 7:

ex alieno largiri,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 8; so,

de alieno largiri,

Just. 36, 3, 9:

alieni appetens, sui profugus,

Sall. C. 5; Liv. 5, 5:

in aliena aedificium exstruere,

Cic. Mil. 27, 74 (cf.:

in alieno solo aedificare,

Dig. 41, 1, 7).— Plur.,

The property of a stranger:

quid est aliud aliis sua eripere, aliis dare aliena?

Cic. Off. 2, 23; Liv. 30, 30: aliena pervadere, a foreign (in opp. to the Roman) province, Amm. 23, 1.—

The affairs or interests of strangers: Men. Chreme, tantumue ab re tuast oti tibi, aliena ut cures, ea, quae nihil ad te attinent. Chrem. Homo sum;

humani nihil a me alienum puto,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 23:

aliena ut melius videant quam sua,

id. ib. 3, 1, 95.—

Things strange, foreign, not belonging to the matter in hand:

Quod si hominibus bonarum rerum tanta cura esset, quanto studio aliena ac nihil profutura multumque etiam periculosa petunt, etc.,

Sall. J. 1, 5; hence, aliena loqui, to talk strangely, wildly, like a crazy person:

Quin etiam, sic me dicunt aliena locutum, Ut foret amenti nomen in ore tuum,

Ov. Tr. 3, 19:

interdum in accessione aegros desipere et aliena loqui,

Cels. 3, 18 (v. alieniloquium).

► Comp. rare, but sup. very freq.; no adv. in use.

infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.

In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

limen superum inferumque salve,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

loca,

the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

fulmina,

that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

navigatio infero,

upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—

In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

inferorum animas elicere,

id. Vatin. 6, 14:

ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

ab inferis excitare aliquem,

i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.

Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.

Lit.:

spatium,

Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

locus,

id. ib. 2, 25:

pars,

id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

scriptura,

Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —

Trop.

Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

inferioris aetatis esse,

id. ib. 64, 228:

inferiores quinque dies,

the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —

Inferior in quality, rank, or number.

With abl. specif.:

voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

inferior fortunā,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

inferiores animo,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

Cic. Brut. 8:

erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

Cic. Lael. 2.—

With in and abl.:

in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—

Absol.:

inferiores extollere,

Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

id. Quint. 31:

supplices inferioresque,

id. Font. 11:

ordines,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

crudelis in inferiores,

Auct. Her. 4, 40:

non inferiora secutus,

naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.

Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.

Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).

Lit.:

stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

ab infimis radicibus montis,

id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

cum scripsissem haec infima,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

ab infima ara,

from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

sub infimo colle,

the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

ab infimo,

from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

ad infimum,

at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—

Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

infima faex populi,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

condicio servorum,

id. Off. 1, 13:

infimo loco natus,

id. Fl. 11:

summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

id. Off. 2, 12:

humilitas natalium,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

preces,

the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

quid summe est, quid infime,

Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —

Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).

Lit.:

ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

terra ima sede semper haeret,

id. Rep. 6, 18:

fundo in imo,

at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

conviva,

that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

ad imam quercum,

at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

in aure ima,

at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.

Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

Ov. F. 5, 665. —

īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

ab imo ad summum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

id. ib. 4, 17:

suspirare ab imo,

to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

(aures) instabiles imo facit,

at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

aquae perspicuae imo,

down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

ima summis mutare,

to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

ima,

the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

ima maris,

the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

ima montis,

the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—

Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

mensis,

Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.

In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

limen superum inferumque salve,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

loca,

the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

fulmina,

that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

navigatio infero,

upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—

In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

inferorum animas elicere,

id. Vatin. 6, 14:

ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

ab inferis excitare aliquem,

i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.

Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.

Lit.:

spatium,

Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

locus,

id. ib. 2, 25:

pars,

id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

scriptura,

Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —

Trop.

Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

inferioris aetatis esse,

id. ib. 64, 228:

inferiores quinque dies,

the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —

Inferior in quality, rank, or number.

With abl. specif.:

voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

inferior fortunā,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

inferiores animo,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

Cic. Brut. 8:

erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

Cic. Lael. 2.—

With in and abl.:

in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—

Absol.:

inferiores extollere,

Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

id. Quint. 31:

supplices inferioresque,

id. Font. 11:

ordines,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

crudelis in inferiores,

Auct. Her. 4, 40:

non inferiora secutus,

naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.

Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.

Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).

Lit.:

stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

ab infimis radicibus montis,

id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

cum scripsissem haec infima,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

ab infima ara,

from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

sub infimo colle,

the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

ab infimo,

from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

ad infimum,

at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—

Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

infima faex populi,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

condicio servorum,

id. Off. 1, 13:

infimo loco natus,

id. Fl. 11:

summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

id. Off. 2, 12:

humilitas natalium,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

preces,

the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

quid summe est, quid infime,

Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —

Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).

Lit.:

ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

terra ima sede semper haeret,

id. Rep. 6, 18:

fundo in imo,

at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

conviva,

that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

ad imam quercum,

at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

in aure ima,

at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.

Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

Ov. F. 5, 665. —

īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

ab imo ad summum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

id. ib. 4, 17:

suspirare ab imo,

to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

(aures) instabiles imo facit,

at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

aquae perspicuae imo,

down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

ima summis mutare,

to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

ima,

the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

ima maris,

the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

ima montis,

the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—

Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

mensis,

Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.

In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

limen superum inferumque salve,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

loca,

the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

fulmina,

that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

navigatio infero,

upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—

In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

inferorum animas elicere,

id. Vatin. 6, 14:

ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

ab inferis excitare aliquem,

i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.

Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.

Lit.:

spatium,

Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

locus,

id. ib. 2, 25:

pars,

id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

scriptura,

Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —

Trop.

Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

inferioris aetatis esse,

id. ib. 64, 228:

inferiores quinque dies,

the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —

Inferior in quality, rank, or number.

With abl. specif.:

voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

inferior fortunā,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

inferiores animo,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

Cic. Brut. 8:

erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

Cic. Lael. 2.—

With in and abl.:

in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—

Absol.:

inferiores extollere,

Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

id. Quint. 31:

supplices inferioresque,

id. Font. 11:

ordines,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

crudelis in inferiores,

Auct. Her. 4, 40:

non inferiora secutus,

naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.

Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.

Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).

Lit.:

stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

ab infimis radicibus montis,

id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

cum scripsissem haec infima,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

ab infima ara,

from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

sub infimo colle,

the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

ab infimo,

from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

ad infimum,

at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—

Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

infima faex populi,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

condicio servorum,

id. Off. 1, 13:

infimo loco natus,

id. Fl. 11:

summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

id. Off. 2, 12:

humilitas natalium,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

preces,

the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

quid summe est, quid infime,

Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —

Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).

Lit.:

ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

terra ima sede semper haeret,

id. Rep. 6, 18:

fundo in imo,

at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

conviva,

that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

ad imam quercum,

at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

in aure ima,

at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.

Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

Ov. F. 5, 665. —

īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

ab imo ad summum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

id. ib. 4, 17:

suspirare ab imo,

to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

(aures) instabiles imo facit,

at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

aquae perspicuae imo,

down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

ima summis mutare,

to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

ima,

the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

ima maris,

the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

ima montis,

the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—

Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

mensis,

Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.

In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

limen superum inferumque salve,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

loca,

the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

fulmina,

that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

navigatio infero,

upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—

In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

inferorum animas elicere,

id. Vatin. 6, 14:

ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

ab inferis excitare aliquem,

i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.

Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.

Lit.:

spatium,

Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

locus,

id. ib. 2, 25:

pars,

id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

scriptura,

Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —

Trop.

Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

inferioris aetatis esse,

id. ib. 64, 228:

inferiores quinque dies,

the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —

Inferior in quality, rank, or number.

With abl. specif.:

voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

inferior fortunā,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

inferiores animo,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

Cic. Brut. 8:

erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

Cic. Lael. 2.—

With in and abl.:

in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—

Absol.:

inferiores extollere,

Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

id. Quint. 31:

supplices inferioresque,

id. Font. 11:

ordines,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

crudelis in inferiores,

Auct. Her. 4, 40:

non inferiora secutus,

naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.

Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.

Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).

Lit.:

stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

ab infimis radicibus montis,

id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

cum scripsissem haec infima,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

ab infima ara,

from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

sub infimo colle,

the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

ab infimo,

from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

ad infimum,

at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—

Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

infima faex populi,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

condicio servorum,

id. Off. 1, 13:

infimo loco natus,

id. Fl. 11:

summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

id. Off. 2, 12:

humilitas natalium,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

preces,

the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

quid summe est, quid infime,

Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —

Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).

Lit.:

ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

terra ima sede semper haeret,

id. Rep. 6, 18:

fundo in imo,

at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

conviva,

that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

ad imam quercum,

at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

in aure ima,

at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.

Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

Ov. F. 5, 665. —

īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

ab imo ad summum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

id. ib. 4, 17:

suspirare ab imo,

to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

(aures) instabiles imo facit,

at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

aquae perspicuae imo,

down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

ima summis mutare,

to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

ima,

the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

ima maris,

the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

ima montis,

the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—

Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

mensis,

Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.

In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

limen superum inferumque salve,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

loca,

the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

fulmina,

that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

navigatio infero,

upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—

In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

inferorum animas elicere,

id. Vatin. 6, 14:

ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

ab inferis excitare aliquem,

i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.

Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.

Lit.:

spatium,

Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

locus,

id. ib. 2, 25:

pars,

id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

scriptura,

Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —

Trop.

Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

inferioris aetatis esse,

id. ib. 64, 228:

inferiores quinque dies,

the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —

Inferior in quality, rank, or number.

With abl. specif.:

voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

inferior fortunā,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

inferiores animo,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

Cic. Brut. 8:

erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

Cic. Lael. 2.—

With in and abl.:

in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—

Absol.:

inferiores extollere,

Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

id. Quint. 31:

supplices inferioresque,

id. Font. 11:

ordines,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

crudelis in inferiores,

Auct. Her. 4, 40:

non inferiora secutus,

naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.

Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.

Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).

Lit.:

stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

ab infimis radicibus montis,

id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

cum scripsissem haec infima,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

ab infima ara,

from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

sub infimo colle,

the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

ab infimo,

from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

ad infimum,

at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—

Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

infima faex populi,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

condicio servorum,

id. Off. 1, 13:

infimo loco natus,

id. Fl. 11:

summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

id. Off. 2, 12:

humilitas natalium,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

preces,

the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

quid summe est, quid infime,

Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —

Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).

Lit.:

ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

terra ima sede semper haeret,

id. Rep. 6, 18:

fundo in imo,

at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

conviva,

that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

ad imam quercum,

at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

in aure ima,

at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.

Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

Ov. F. 5, 665. —

īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

ab imo ad summum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

id. ib. 4, 17:

suspirare ab imo,

to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

(aures) instabiles imo facit,

at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

aquae perspicuae imo,

down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

ima summis mutare,

to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

ima,

the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

ima maris,

the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

ima montis,

the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—

Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

mensis,

Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.

In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

limen superum inferumque salve,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

loca,

the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

fulmina,

that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

navigatio infero,

upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—

In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

inferorum animas elicere,

id. Vatin. 6, 14:

ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

ab inferis excitare aliquem,

i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.

Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.

Lit.:

spatium,

Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

locus,

id. ib. 2, 25:

pars,

id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

scriptura,

Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —

Trop.

Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

inferioris aetatis esse,

id. ib. 64, 228:

inferiores quinque dies,

the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —

Inferior in quality, rank, or number.

With abl. specif.:

voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

inferior fortunā,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

inferiores animo,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

Cic. Brut. 8:

erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

Cic. Lael. 2.—

With in and abl.:

in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—

Absol.:

inferiores extollere,

Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

id. Quint. 31:

supplices inferioresque,

id. Font. 11:

ordines,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

crudelis in inferiores,

Auct. Her. 4, 40:

non inferiora secutus,

naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.

Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.

Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).

Lit.:

stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

ab infimis radicibus montis,

id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

cum scripsissem haec infima,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

ab infima ara,

from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

sub infimo colle,

the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

ab infimo,

from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

ad infimum,

at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—

Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

infima faex populi,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

condicio servorum,

id. Off. 1, 13:

infimo loco natus,

id. Fl. 11:

summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

id. Off. 2, 12:

humilitas natalium,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

preces,

the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

quid summe est, quid infime,

Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —

Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).

Lit.:

ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

terra ima sede semper haeret,

id. Rep. 6, 18:

fundo in imo,

at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

conviva,

that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

ad imam quercum,

at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

in aure ima,

at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.

Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

Ov. F. 5, 665. —

īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

ab imo ad summum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

id. ib. 4, 17:

suspirare ab imo,

to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

(aures) instabiles imo facit,

at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

aquae perspicuae imo,

down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

ima summis mutare,

to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

ima,

the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

ima maris,

the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

ima montis,

the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—

Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

mensis,

Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

aedēs and aedis (the form aedes is found in Liv. 2, 21, 7; 2, 8, 14; 2, 9, 43 al., and now and then in other writers, but aedis is more common, as in Cic. Verr. 4, 55, § 121; id. Par. 4, 2, 31; Vitr. 4, 7, 1; Varr. 5, 32, 156 al.; Liv. 1, 33, 9 al.; Plin. 36, 6, 8, § 50), is, f., a building for habitation. [Aedis domicilium in edito positum simplex atque unius aditus. Sive ideo aedis dicitur, quod in ea aevum degatur, quod Graece aiôn vocatur, Fest. p. 13 Müll. Curtius refers this word to aithô, aestus, as meaning originally, fire-place, hearth; others, with probability, compare hedos, hedra, and sēdes.]

Sing., a dwelling of the gods, a sanctuary, a temple (prop., a simple edifice, without division into smaller apartments, while templum is a large and splendid structure, consecrated by the augurs, and belonging to one or more deities; cf. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 4, 7; but after the Aug. period aedes was used for templum; cf. Suet. Caes. 78 with id. ib. 84): haec aedis, Varr. ap. Non. 494, 7:

senatum in aedem Jovis Statoris vocavi,

Cic. Cat. 2, 6: aedis Martis, Nep. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 792 P.:

aedes Mercurii dedicata est,

Liv. 2, 21:

hic aedem ex marmore molitus est,

Vell. 1, 11, 5:

inter altare et aedem,

Vulg. Luc. 11, 51:

aedem Concordiae,

Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 19:

aedes Veneris genitricis,

Suet. Caes. 78; v. above; id. ib. 10:

aedem Baal,

Vulg. 4 Reg. 10, 27; ib. Act. 19, 24 al.: haec ego ludo, quae nec in aede sonent, i. e. in the temple of the Muses, or of the Palatine Apollo, where poems were publicly recited, Hor. S. 1, 10, 38; cf.:

quanto molimine circumspectemus vacuam Romanis vatibus aedem,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 94.— Plur. in this sense generally in connection with sacrae, divinae, deorum, and only when several temples are spoken of:

aedes sacrae,

Cic. Dom. 49; cf. Suet. Aug. 30, 100:

Capitolii fastigium et ceterarum aedium,

Cic. de Or. 3, 46; cf. Liv. 38, 41:

Deorum aedes,

Suet. Cat. 21; cf. id. Ner. 38; id. Claud. 21 al.—

A dwelling for men, a house, habitation, [p. 52] obode (syn. domus; usu. only in the plur., as a collection of several apartments; but in the earliest period the sing. also may have had this signif., though but few certain examples of it have been preserved in the written language; cf. Plaut. As. 1, 3, 67:

hic noster quaestus aucupii simillimust... aedis nobis areast, auceps sum ego): aedes probae et pulchre aedificatae,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 60; id. Most. 1, 2, 18:

ultimae,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 29:

apud istum in aedibus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 19, § 50, and soon after: in mediis aedibus; cf. Verg. A. 2, 512:

liberae,

a house that is rent-free, Liv. 30, 17:

privatae,

Suet. Ner. 44 al. —Hence sometimes used for a part of the domus, a room, an apartment, chamber:

insectatur omnes domi per aedīs,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 31; Verg. G. 2, 462; cf. id. A. 2, 487 (v. also Gell. 4, 14; Curt. 8, 6; Hor. C. 1, 30, 4).—In Plaut., by comic license, aedes for familia: credo hercle has sustollat aedīs totas atque hunc in crucem, Mil. 2, 3, 39: ut ego suffringam his talos totis aedibus, to break the legs of this whole house (i. e. family), Truc. 2, 8, 7: ab aedibus, denoting office (cf. ab), a castellan:

CVM AB AEDIBVS ESSEM,

Inscr. Grut. 697, 1.—

Met., the cells (or hive) of bees:

clausis cunctantur in aedibus,

Verg. G. 4, 258.—

Trop.:

fac, sis, vacivas aedīs aurium, mea ut migrare dicta possint,

the chambers of your ears, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 54.—

Aedes aurata, a gilded funeral structure, on which the dead body of Cœsar was laid, a catafalque, Suet. Caes. 84.

infernus, a, um, adj. [infer], lower, that which lies beneath (mostly poet. and postAug.).

In gen.: hic sese infernis de partibus erigit Hydra, from beneath, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 44, 114:

superi infernique Di,

Liv. 24, 38, 8:

stagna,

id. 8, 24, 3:

auster,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128:

mare,

the Tuscan Sea, Luc. 2, 400.—

In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower Regions, infernal:

rex,

Pluto, Verg. A. 6, 106:

Juno,

Proserpine, id. ib. 6, 138:

sedes,

id. ib. 8, 244:

tenebrae,

id. ib. 7, 325:

infernas umbras carminibus elicere,

to raise the dead by magical incantations, Tac. A. 2, 28:

palus,

the Styx, Ov. F. 2, 610: ratis, Charon ' s boat, Prop. 3, 5, 14 (4, 4, 14 Müll. infernas rates): rota, Ixion ' s wheel, id. 1, 9, 20: sorores, the Furies, Claud. ap. Ruf. 1, 27:

aspectus,

Tac. G. 43.—

infernum, i, n., the depths of the earth: ex inferno audiri, Jul. Obseq. 105 al.—

infernus, i, m., hell (eccl. Lat.), Ambros. in Psa. 48, §§ 22, 24; Vulg. Job, 17, 13; id. Psa. 9, 18. —

inferni, ōrum, m., the shades below:

Theseus infernis, superis testatur Achilles,

Prop. 2, 1, 37; 2, 28, 49.—

inferna, ōrum, n.

The lower parts of the body, the abdomen, Plin. 25, 5, 21, § 51.—

The infernal regions, Tac. H. 5, 5; Sol. 43, 2; Sen. Herc. Fur. 428.—In eccl. Lat. = infernus, hell, Lact. 6, 3, 11; Vulg. Job, 21, 13. —Hence, adv.: infernĕ, below, beneath (a favorite word of Lucr.), Lucr. 6, 597 (opp. superne); id. 6, 764; 187.

infernus, a, um, adj. [infer], lower, that which lies beneath (mostly poet. and postAug.).

In gen.: hic sese infernis de partibus erigit Hydra, from beneath, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 44, 114:

superi infernique Di,

Liv. 24, 38, 8:

stagna,

id. 8, 24, 3:

auster,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128:

mare,

the Tuscan Sea, Luc. 2, 400.—

In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower Regions, infernal:

rex,

Pluto, Verg. A. 6, 106:

Juno,

Proserpine, id. ib. 6, 138:

sedes,

id. ib. 8, 244:

tenebrae,

id. ib. 7, 325:

infernas umbras carminibus elicere,

to raise the dead by magical incantations, Tac. A. 2, 28:

palus,

the Styx, Ov. F. 2, 610: ratis, Charon ' s boat, Prop. 3, 5, 14 (4, 4, 14 Müll. infernas rates): rota, Ixion ' s wheel, id. 1, 9, 20: sorores, the Furies, Claud. ap. Ruf. 1, 27:

aspectus,

Tac. G. 43.—

infernum, i, n., the depths of the earth: ex inferno audiri, Jul. Obseq. 105 al.—

infernus, i, m., hell (eccl. Lat.), Ambros. in Psa. 48, §§ 22, 24; Vulg. Job, 17, 13; id. Psa. 9, 18. —

inferni, ōrum, m., the shades below:

Theseus infernis, superis testatur Achilles,

Prop. 2, 1, 37; 2, 28, 49.—

inferna, ōrum, n.

The lower parts of the body, the abdomen, Plin. 25, 5, 21, § 51.—

The infernal regions, Tac. H. 5, 5; Sol. 43, 2; Sen. Herc. Fur. 428.—In eccl. Lat. = infernus, hell, Lact. 6, 3, 11; Vulg. Job, 21, 13. —Hence, adv.: infernĕ, below, beneath (a favorite word of Lucr.), Lucr. 6, 597 (opp. superne); id. 6, 764; 187.

infernus, a, um, adj. [infer], lower, that which lies beneath (mostly poet. and postAug.).

In gen.: hic sese infernis de partibus erigit Hydra, from beneath, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 44, 114:

superi infernique Di,

Liv. 24, 38, 8:

stagna,

id. 8, 24, 3:

auster,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128:

mare,

the Tuscan Sea, Luc. 2, 400.—

In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower Regions, infernal:

rex,

Pluto, Verg. A. 6, 106:

Juno,

Proserpine, id. ib. 6, 138:

sedes,

id. ib. 8, 244:

tenebrae,

id. ib. 7, 325:

infernas umbras carminibus elicere,

to raise the dead by magical incantations, Tac. A. 2, 28:

palus,

the Styx, Ov. F. 2, 610: ratis, Charon ' s boat, Prop. 3, 5, 14 (4, 4, 14 Müll. infernas rates): rota, Ixion ' s wheel, id. 1, 9, 20: sorores, the Furies, Claud. ap. Ruf. 1, 27:

aspectus,

Tac. G. 43.—

infernum, i, n., the depths of the earth: ex inferno audiri, Jul. Obseq. 105 al.—

infernus, i, m., hell (eccl. Lat.), Ambros. in Psa. 48, §§ 22, 24; Vulg. Job, 17, 13; id. Psa. 9, 18. —

inferni, ōrum, m., the shades below:

Theseus infernis, superis testatur Achilles,

Prop. 2, 1, 37; 2, 28, 49.—

inferna, ōrum, n.

The lower parts of the body, the abdomen, Plin. 25, 5, 21, § 51.—

The infernal regions, Tac. H. 5, 5; Sol. 43, 2; Sen. Herc. Fur. 428.—In eccl. Lat. = infernus, hell, Lact. 6, 3, 11; Vulg. Job, 21, 13. —Hence, adv.: infernĕ, below, beneath (a favorite word of Lucr.), Lucr. 6, 597 (opp. superne); id. 6, 764; 187.

infernus, a, um, adj. [infer], lower, that which lies beneath (mostly poet. and postAug.).

In gen.: hic sese infernis de partibus erigit Hydra, from beneath, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 44, 114:

superi infernique Di,

Liv. 24, 38, 8:

stagna,

id. 8, 24, 3:

auster,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128:

mare,

the Tuscan Sea, Luc. 2, 400.—

In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower Regions, infernal:

rex,

Pluto, Verg. A. 6, 106:

Juno,

Proserpine, id. ib. 6, 138:

sedes,

id. ib. 8, 244:

tenebrae,

id. ib. 7, 325:

infernas umbras carminibus elicere,

to raise the dead by magical incantations, Tac. A. 2, 28:

palus,

the Styx, Ov. F. 2, 610: ratis, Charon ' s boat, Prop. 3, 5, 14 (4, 4, 14 Müll. infernas rates): rota, Ixion ' s wheel, id. 1, 9, 20: sorores, the Furies, Claud. ap. Ruf. 1, 27:

aspectus,

Tac. G. 43.—

infernum, i, n., the depths of the earth: ex inferno audiri, Jul. Obseq. 105 al.—

infernus, i, m., hell (eccl. Lat.), Ambros. in Psa. 48, §§ 22, 24; Vulg. Job, 17, 13; id. Psa. 9, 18. —

inferni, ōrum, m., the shades below:

Theseus infernis, superis testatur Achilles,

Prop. 2, 1, 37; 2, 28, 49.—

inferna, ōrum, n.

The lower parts of the body, the abdomen, Plin. 25, 5, 21, § 51.—

The infernal regions, Tac. H. 5, 5; Sol. 43, 2; Sen. Herc. Fur. 428.—In eccl. Lat. = infernus, hell, Lact. 6, 3, 11; Vulg. Job, 21, 13. —Hence, adv.: infernĕ, below, beneath (a favorite word of Lucr.), Lucr. 6, 597 (opp. superne); id. 6, 764; 187.

rĕlĭgĭōsus (in the poets also rellig-), a, um, adj. [religio], reverencing or fearing God ( the gods), pious, devout, religious:

qui omnia quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72 (cf. religio init.):

religiosi dicuntur, qui faciendarum praetermittendarumque rerum divinarum secundum morem civitatis delectum habent, nec se superstitionibus implicant,

Fest. p. 289, 15 Müll.:

naturā sancti et religiosi,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

asotos ita non religiosos ut edant de patellā,

id. Fin. 2, 7, 22:

si magis religiosa fuerit,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 37:

nostri majores, religiosissimi mortales,

Sall. C. 12, 3:

mortuis religiosa jura tribuere,

religious rites, Cic. Lael. 4, 13:

mores justi, integri, religiosi,

id. de Or. 2, 43, 184: amicitiae religiosā quādam necessitudine imbutae, quint. 1, 2, 20: hominem occidere religiosissimum erat, was a thing exceedingly pious or pleasing to the gods, Plin. 30, 1, 4, § 13; cf.:

aliqui nomine quoque consalutare religiosius putant, etc.,

id. 28, 2, 5, § 23:

Judaei, viri religiosi,

Vulg. Act. 2, 5.—

Eccl. Lat., of or belonging to the clergy, clerical (opp. saecularis), Salv. Avar. 3, 5.—

Transf. (acc. to religio, II.).

Subject., religiously considerate, careful, anxious, scrupulous:

civitas religiosa, in principiis maxime novorum bellorum... ne quid praetermitteretur, quod aliquando factum esset. ludos Jovi donumque vovere consulem jussit,

Liv. 31, 9:

per hos quoque dies abstinent terrenis operibus religiosiores agricolae,

Col. 11, 2, 98; 11, 3, 62:

quem campi fructum quia religiosum erat consumere,

was a matter of religious scruple, Liv. 2, 5; 3, 22; 5, 52; 6, 27; cf.:

religiosum est, quod jurati legibus judicarunt,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 48.—

Overscrupulous, over-anxious, superstitious (rare and only ante-class.): religentem esse oportet, religiosum nefas, Poët. ap. Gell. 4, 9, 1:

ecquis incultior, religiosior, desertior? Cato ap. Fest. s. v. repulsior, p. 236: ut stultae et miserae sumus Religiosae,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 37.—

In gen., scrupulous, strict, precise, accurate, conscientious:

religiosus est non modo deorum sanctitatem magni aestimans, sed etiam officiosus adversus homines,

Fest. p. 278 Müll.:

quod et in re misericordem se praebuerit et in testimoniis religiosum,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 26:

testis religiosissimus,

id. Vatin. 1, 1:

natio minime in testimoniis dicendis religiosa,

id. Fl. 10, 23:

judex,

Quint. 4, 1, 9:

quem rerum Romanarum auctorem laudare possum religiosissimum,

Cic. Brut. 11, 44:

ad Atticorum aures teretes et religiosas qui se accommodant,

id. Or. 9, 27:

ephorus vero non est religiosissimae fidei,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 2:

religiosissimis verbis jurare,

Petr. 21. —

Of the objects of religious veneration (temples, statues, utensils, etc.), holy, sacred:

templum sane sanctum et religiosum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94; cf. id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 65:

signum sacrum ac religiosum,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127;

and so with sacer,

id. Leg. 3, 13, 31:

dies,

Suet. Tib. 61:

ex Aesculapi religiosissimo fano,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 93:

Ceres antiquissima, religiosissima,

id. ib. 2, 4, 49, § 109; cf.:

religiosissimum simulacrum Jovis Imperatoris,

id. ib. 2, 4, 57, §

128: altaria,

id. Planc. 35, 68:

deorum limina,

Verg. A. 2, 365:

loca,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 7:

sacra religiosissima,

Vell. 2, 45, 1; Suet. Aug. 7:

vestes,

id. Tib. 36; id. Oth. 12:

simulacra,

Sedul. 1, 227:

divini juris sunt veluti res sacrae et religiosae... (sunt res) religiosae quae diis manibus relictae sunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 3 sq. —

Esp.: dies religiosus, a day upon which it was unlucky to undertake any thing important, a day of evil omen, e. g. the dies Alliensis, the dies atri, etc., Cic. Att. 9, 5, 2; Lucil. ap. Non. 379, 19; Liv. 6, 1; 26, 17; 37, 33; Suet. Tib. 61; id. Claud. 14 al.; cf. Gell. 4, 9, 4; and Fest. s. h. v. p. 231.—

Solum religiosum, land consecrated by the burial of the dead, Gai. Inst. 2, 6 sq.—Hence, adv.: rē̆lĭgĭōsē.

Piously, religiously:

religiosius deos colere,

Liv. 10, 7; cf.:

templum religiosissime colere,

Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

natalem religiosius celebrare,

Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 8.—

Considerately, scrupulously, punctually, exactly, conscientiously:

testimonium dicere,

Cic. Cael. 22, 55; cf. Plin. Pan. 65, 2:

commendare,

Cic. Fam. 13, 17 fin.:

nihil religiose administrabat,

Col. 3, 10, 7; cf. id. 8, 5, 11:

quicquid rogabatur, religiose promittebat,

considerately, cautiously, Nep. Att. 15:

religiosius rem rusticam colere,

Col. 11, 2, 95:

poëticen religiosissime veneror,

Plin. Ep. 3, 15, 2.

rĕlĭgĭōsus (in the poets also rellig-), a, um, adj. [religio], reverencing or fearing God ( the gods), pious, devout, religious:

qui omnia quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72 (cf. religio init.):

religiosi dicuntur, qui faciendarum praetermittendarumque rerum divinarum secundum morem civitatis delectum habent, nec se superstitionibus implicant,

Fest. p. 289, 15 Müll.:

naturā sancti et religiosi,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

asotos ita non religiosos ut edant de patellā,

id. Fin. 2, 7, 22:

si magis religiosa fuerit,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 37:

nostri majores, religiosissimi mortales,

Sall. C. 12, 3:

mortuis religiosa jura tribuere,

religious rites, Cic. Lael. 4, 13:

mores justi, integri, religiosi,

id. de Or. 2, 43, 184: amicitiae religiosā quādam necessitudine imbutae, quint. 1, 2, 20: hominem occidere religiosissimum erat, was a thing exceedingly pious or pleasing to the gods, Plin. 30, 1, 4, § 13; cf.:

aliqui nomine quoque consalutare religiosius putant, etc.,

id. 28, 2, 5, § 23:

Judaei, viri religiosi,

Vulg. Act. 2, 5.—

Eccl. Lat., of or belonging to the clergy, clerical (opp. saecularis), Salv. Avar. 3, 5.—

Transf. (acc. to religio, II.).

Subject., religiously considerate, careful, anxious, scrupulous:

civitas religiosa, in principiis maxime novorum bellorum... ne quid praetermitteretur, quod aliquando factum esset. ludos Jovi donumque vovere consulem jussit,

Liv. 31, 9:

per hos quoque dies abstinent terrenis operibus religiosiores agricolae,

Col. 11, 2, 98; 11, 3, 62:

quem campi fructum quia religiosum erat consumere,

was a matter of religious scruple, Liv. 2, 5; 3, 22; 5, 52; 6, 27; cf.:

religiosum est, quod jurati legibus judicarunt,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 48.—

Overscrupulous, over-anxious, superstitious (rare and only ante-class.): religentem esse oportet, religiosum nefas, Poët. ap. Gell. 4, 9, 1:

ecquis incultior, religiosior, desertior? Cato ap. Fest. s. v. repulsior, p. 236: ut stultae et miserae sumus Religiosae,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 37.—

In gen., scrupulous, strict, precise, accurate, conscientious:

religiosus est non modo deorum sanctitatem magni aestimans, sed etiam officiosus adversus homines,

Fest. p. 278 Müll.:

quod et in re misericordem se praebuerit et in testimoniis religiosum,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 26:

testis religiosissimus,

id. Vatin. 1, 1:

natio minime in testimoniis dicendis religiosa,

id. Fl. 10, 23:

judex,

Quint. 4, 1, 9:

quem rerum Romanarum auctorem laudare possum religiosissimum,

Cic. Brut. 11, 44:

ad Atticorum aures teretes et religiosas qui se accommodant,

id. Or. 9, 27:

ephorus vero non est religiosissimae fidei,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 2:

religiosissimis verbis jurare,

Petr. 21. —

Of the objects of religious veneration (temples, statues, utensils, etc.), holy, sacred:

templum sane sanctum et religiosum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94; cf. id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 65:

signum sacrum ac religiosum,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127;

and so with sacer,

id. Leg. 3, 13, 31:

dies,

Suet. Tib. 61:

ex Aesculapi religiosissimo fano,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 93:

Ceres antiquissima, religiosissima,

id. ib. 2, 4, 49, § 109; cf.:

religiosissimum simulacrum Jovis Imperatoris,

id. ib. 2, 4, 57, §

128: altaria,

id. Planc. 35, 68:

deorum limina,

Verg. A. 2, 365:

loca,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 7:

sacra religiosissima,

Vell. 2, 45, 1; Suet. Aug. 7:

vestes,

id. Tib. 36; id. Oth. 12:

simulacra,

Sedul. 1, 227:

divini juris sunt veluti res sacrae et religiosae... (sunt res) religiosae quae diis manibus relictae sunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 3 sq. —

Esp.: dies religiosus, a day upon which it was unlucky to undertake any thing important, a day of evil omen, e. g. the dies Alliensis, the dies atri, etc., Cic. Att. 9, 5, 2; Lucil. ap. Non. 379, 19; Liv. 6, 1; 26, 17; 37, 33; Suet. Tib. 61; id. Claud. 14 al.; cf. Gell. 4, 9, 4; and Fest. s. h. v. p. 231.—

Solum religiosum, land consecrated by the burial of the dead, Gai. Inst. 2, 6 sq.—Hence, adv.: rē̆lĭgĭōsē.

Piously, religiously:

religiosius deos colere,

Liv. 10, 7; cf.:

templum religiosissime colere,

Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

natalem religiosius celebrare,

Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 8.—

Considerately, scrupulously, punctually, exactly, conscientiously:

testimonium dicere,

Cic. Cael. 22, 55; cf. Plin. Pan. 65, 2:

commendare,

Cic. Fam. 13, 17 fin.:

nihil religiose administrabat,

Col. 3, 10, 7; cf. id. 8, 5, 11:

quicquid rogabatur, religiose promittebat,

considerately, cautiously, Nep. Att. 15:

religiosius rem rusticam colere,

Col. 11, 2, 95:

poëticen religiosissime veneror,

Plin. Ep. 3, 15, 2.